Germany spent decades selling China the machines and technology it needed to industrialize. now China is selling them back. cheaper. 2 in 3 German companies s...

Bogdan Tereanu

Germany spent decades selling China the machines and technology it needed to industrialize.

now China is selling them back. cheaper.

2 in 3 German companies say Chinese competition is rising — and the pressure is increasingly happening inside Europe.

EVs, machinery, batteries, chemicals: industries Germany once dominated are becoming Chinese strengths.

conclusion? Germany still needs China as a supplier, while China needs Germany less as a customer.

globalization didn't end. the direction of dependency just changed.